Phornium tenax

Phormium tenax

Description

Phormium tenax, commonly known as New Zealand flax, is a perennial plant with a striking architectural form. Its long, sword-shaped leaves grow upright and arch gracefully, forming dense clumps that can reach up to 3 meters in height. Depending on the variety, the foliage ranges from deep green to bronze, purple, or variegated tones. In summer, it produces tall flower spikes with small tubular red or yellow flowers that attract birds and pollinators.

Origin

Native to New Zealand, Phormium tenax belongs to the Asphodelaceae family. It grows in coastal and swampy soils and is well-adapted to harsh conditions such as strong winds and poor soils.

History

Phormium tenax has been traditionally used by the Māori people of New Zealand to make ropes, fabrics, baskets, and even sails, due to the strength of its fibers. Over time, it has gained recognition as an ornamental plant in landscaping, especially in temperate and coastal regions.

Fun Fact

In addition to its ornamental and textile uses, Phormium tenax has medicinal properties. In Māori culture, the plant was used to treat wounds and burns due to its natural gelatin content, which has healing effects.

Care

• Location: Full sun or partial shade. It tolerates windy and salty conditions.
• Soil: Prefers well-drained soils but adapts to various types, including clay and sandy soils.
• Temperature: Resistant to moderate cold and light frosts.
• Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer in spring to promote growth and vitality.

Watering

Drought-tolerant once established, but moderate watering is recommended during prolonged dry periods. It grows more vigorously in moist or swampy soils.

Pruning

Regular pruning is not required, but removing dry or damaged leaves at the base is recommended to maintain its aesthetic and promote healthy growth.